Friday 7 December 2012

ХЛЕБ ВСЕМУ ГОЛОВА - BREAD IS THE STAFF OF LIFE


People in different parts of the globe start their day with a breakfast bread. In the past, the rules of composition and bread were a real family secret. There are families who still hold their own recipe. As its role was significant, there are a lot of customs and rituals connected with bread.


The Russian word 'KHLEB' – хлеб comes from old-slavic form *xlěbъ which is a loan word from old-germanic герм. *xlaiƀaz. Being a chief food in many cultures, it is considered as a source of life and symbol of labour
According to the Slavic hospitality traditions, round bread with salt cellar in the middle of the loaf ('bread-and-salt' tradition) on the embroidered towel is presented to dear guests.

In Christianity bread plays an important role during the Liturgy when celebrate the Eucharist, a rite derived from the narrative of the Last Supper when Jesus broke bread with his disciples

The Lord's Prayer, for example, contains the line "Give us this day our daily bread"; here, "bread" is commonly understood to mean necessities in general.

As for the types of bread, we should mention The karavai (каравай) is a traditional Ukrainian and Russian bread, most often used at weddings, where it has great symbolic meaning, and has remained part of the wedding tradition in UkraineRussiaBelarus.

The bride and groom were given the  karavai as a blessing before the wedding ceremony. The  karavai was shared by all the wedding guests, and this was considered the culmination of the wedding.

    Some  types of bread products
    1. lavash

    5. lepeshka
    2. kalach
    6.  kolobok 
     
    3. plushka
    7. karavay 
    4. pechenie 
    8. vatrushka
    9. sukharik
    10. bublik

    11. bulka



    12. pryanik

    13. pirozhok

    14. krendel
     
    15. kalitka

    16. bukhanka \ 'black bread'
    17. baton\ 'white bread'
    18. khala

    19. black 'round' bread

The process of making bread is far from being easy. Besides, it requires special attitude. For example, some people who bake bread told me that you should love it, talk to it while preparing and never start doing it being angry or irritated – otherwise you won't manage. Still if you are ready to this deed, you may use one of the following recipes – to enjoy home-made fresh delicious and healthy bread!

One of the basic recipes of bread in oven

You'd need 30 grams of yeast; 50 grams of sunflower oil; 50 grams of margarine; 1 egg; 80 grams of sugar; salt; flour.
To prepare the dough , take 20 grams of yeast, add some salt, sugar, 0.6 liters of milk and flour, then the softened margarine and oil. The dough should not be too thick, so control the amount of the flour, Properly mix it, knead, and leave the dough in a warm place for 12 hours.
0.7 liters of boiled cool milk; Then add the remaining milk, yeast, salt and flour and stir well. On a greased baking sheet lay out the dough for half an hour or more, to make the dough 'come'. Then make the loaves of dough and bake in the oven until lightly browned 

more recipes here

Some idioms about BREAD

1) as for the kind of bread
чёрный хлеб — brown bread, rye bread
бе́лый хлеб — white bread
дома́шний хлеб — homemade bread
чёрствый хлеб — stale bread
све́жий хлеб — fresh-baked / newly-baked bread
хлеб с ма́слом — bread and butter
сажа́ть хлеб (в пе́чку) — put the bread into the oven

2) colloq.'bread' in the meaning 'living; means of subsistence', daily bread
зараба́тывать себе́ на хлеб — make one's bread, earn (ɜːn) one's living
лиши́ть кого́-л куска́ хлеба — deprive smb of a livelihood
отби́ть у кого́-л хлеб — take the bread out of smb's mouth

Some set phrases

  • хлеб да соль! (hleb da sol', 'bread and salt')— 1)enjoy your meal! 2) welcome!
  • хлеба и зре́лищ! — (give us) bread and circuses!
  • хлеб наш насу́щный дай нам на сей день (даждь нам днесь уст.) библ. — give us this day our daily bread
  • его́ хлебом не корми́ - (то́лько) дай (+ инф.)  — there's nothing he likes better than (+ ger)
  • да́ром хлеб есть — ≈ not to be worth one's salt
  • и то́ хлеб — that's at least something; that's better than nothing
  • не хлебом еди́ным жив челове́к библ. — man cannot live by bread alone
  • (от)пуска́ть хлеб по во́дам библ. — cast one's bread upon the waters
  • перебива́ться с хлеба на во́ду / квас — ≈ live from hand to mouth
  • посади́ть на хлеб и во́ду кого́-л — put smb on bread and water
  • э́то наш хлеб — it's our bread and butter


Sources
wikipedia
main photo from www.vk.com, group 'Воины света'

Sources of photos 
1. http://produkti-online.ru/engine/glossary/armyanskii_lavash.html, 2. http://www.oao-zhk.ru/bulka.html, 3. calorizator.ru, 4.http://kuharka.com/rassypchatoe-pechene-recept.html, 5. moikompas.ru, 6.skyclipart.ru, 7. chenonceau.ru, 8. calorizator.ru, 9. fitfan.ru, 10.24open.ru, 11. gotovim-doma.ru, 13. moikompas.ru, 14. recepty1.ru, 15.texnologi-omut.ucoz.ru, 17.nnm.ru, 18.http://kuharka.com/xala.html, 

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