People
in different parts of the globe start their day with a breakfast
bread. In the past, the rules of composition and bread were a real
family secret. There are families who still hold their own recipe. As
its role was significant, there are a lot of customs and rituals
connected with bread.
The Russian word 'KHLEB' – хлеб comes from old-slavic form
*xlěbъ
which
is a loan word from old-germanic герм.
*xlaiƀaz. Being
a chief food in many cultures, it is considered as a source of life
and symbol of labour
According
to the Slavic hospitality traditions, round bread with salt cellar in
the middle of the loaf ('bread-and-salt' tradition) on the
embroidered towel is presented to dear guests.
In
Christianity bread plays an important role during the Liturgy when
celebrate the Eucharist,
a rite derived from the narrative of the Last
Supper when Jesus broke
bread with his disciples
The Lord's
Prayer,
for example, contains the line "Give us this day our daily
bread"; here, "bread" is commonly understood to mean
necessities in general.
As
for the types of bread, we should mention The karavai (каравай)
is a traditional Ukrainian
and Russian
bread,
most often used at weddings,
where it has great symbolic meaning, and has remained part of the
wedding tradition in Ukraine, Russia, Belarus.
The bride and groom were
given the karavai
as a blessing before the wedding ceremony. The karavai
was shared by all the wedding guests, and this was considered the
culmination of the wedding.
Some types of bread products
1. lavash
5. lepeshka
|
2. kalach
6. kolobok
| 
3. plushka
7. karavay
| 
4. pechenie
|
8. vatrushka
| 
9. sukharik
| 
10. bublik
|
11. bulka
|
12. pryanik
| 
13. pirozhok
| 
14. krendel
| .jpg)
15. kalitka
|
.jpg)
16. bukhanka \ 'black bread'
| .jpg)
17. baton\ 'white bread'
| .jpg)
18. khala
|
.jpg)
19. black 'round' bread
|
The
process of making bread is far from being easy. Besides, it requires
special attitude. For example, some people who bake bread told me
that you should love it, talk to it while preparing and never start
doing it being angry or irritated – otherwise you won't manage.
Still if you are ready to this deed, you may use one of the following
recipes – to enjoy home-made fresh delicious and healthy bread!
One
of the basic recipes of bread in oven
You'd
need 30 grams of yeast; 50 grams of sunflower oil; 50 grams of
margarine; 1 egg; 80 grams of sugar; salt; flour.
To
prepare the dough , take 20 grams of yeast, add some salt, sugar, 0.6
liters of milk and flour, then the softened margarine and oil. The
dough should not be too thick, so control the amount of the flour,
Properly mix it, knead, and leave the dough in a warm place for 12
hours.
0.7
liters of boiled cool milk; Then add the remaining milk, yeast, salt
and flour and stir well. On a greased baking sheet lay out the dough
for half an hour or more, to make the dough 'come'. Then make the
loaves of dough and bake in the oven until lightly browned
more recipes here
Some idioms about BREAD
1)
as for the kind of bread
чёрный
хлеб — brown bread, rye bread
бе́лый
хлеб — white bread
дома́шний
хлеб — homemade bread
чёрствый
хлеб — stale bread
све́жий
хлеб — fresh-baked / newly-baked bread
хлеб
с ма́слом — bread and butter
сажа́ть
хлеб (в пе́чку) — put the bread
into the oven
2)
colloq.'bread' in the meaning 'living; means of subsistence', daily
bread
зараба́тывать
себе́ на хлеб — make one's bread, earn (ɜːn)
one's living
лиши́ть
кого́-л куска́ хлеба — deprive smb of a livelihood
отби́ть
у кого́-л хлеб — take the bread out of smb's mouth
Some
set phrases
- хлеб да соль! (hleb da sol', 'bread and salt')— 1)enjoy your meal! 2) welcome!
- хлеба и зре́лищ! — (give us) bread and circuses!
- хлеб наш насу́щный дай нам на сей день (даждь нам днесь уст.) библ. — give us this day our daily bread
- его́ хлебом не корми́ - (то́лько) дай (+ инф.) — there's nothing he likes better than (+ ger)
- да́ром хлеб есть — ≈ not to be worth one's salt
- и то́ хлеб — that's at least something; that's better than nothing
- не хлебом еди́ным жив челове́к библ. — man cannot live by bread alone
- (от)пуска́ть хлеб по во́дам библ. — cast one's bread upon the waters
- перебива́ться с хлеба на во́ду / квас — ≈ live from hand to mouth
- посади́ть на хлеб и во́ду кого́-л — put smb on bread and water
- э́то наш хлеб — it's our bread and butter
Sources
wikipedia
main photo from www.vk.com, group 'Воины света'
Sources of photos
main photo from www.vk.com, group 'Воины света'
Sources of photos
1. http://produkti-online.ru/engine/glossary/armyanskii_lavash.html, 2. http://www.oao-zhk.ru/bulka.html, 3. calorizator.ru, 4.http://kuharka.com/rassypchatoe-pechene-recept.html, 5. moikompas.ru, 6.skyclipart.ru, 7. chenonceau.ru, 8. calorizator.ru, 9. fitfan.ru, 10.24open.ru, 11. gotovim-doma.ru, 13. moikompas.ru, 14. recepty1.ru, 15.texnologi-omut.ucoz.ru, 17.nnm.ru, 18.http://kuharka.com/xala.html,
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